http://www.type2.com/ has a color coded wiring diagram for a 74-75 Super Beetle, but it probably won't be of much help to you this time . . . it doesn't show the air conditioning system. I'm not familiar with the AC system, but I have done quite a bit of electrical troubleshooting (Drive an old bus like mine for 10 years and you'll get a lot of experiance at this kind of stuff!), so here's what I would do . . .
I'm lazy . . . I always look for obvious stuff first . . . look around the area you were working for any wires you may have knocked loose. It kind'a sounds like you've already done that.
OK, now I'd think about what I know and figure out the most logical place to start troubleshooting. So, what do I know? . . . I know the switch has power and is working since the other fan comes on. (that just eliminated everything between the battery and switch! I'm pretty sure fan motor is good. It is possible the motor took a dive and you just "think" you did something to the wiring . . . possible, but not probably . . . so, for now, I'm assuming the fan is good. So, the problem has to be either the wiring between the switch and the blower OR the blower's ground.
Now I'd start troubleshooting at the blower motor. Using a continuity light, I'd see if I had power to the fan. Yes - it's a bad ground (or fan motor), No - start tracing the wire back to the switch.